STUDY MATERIAL · GATE EE · IN
GATE Electrical Measurements: questions and notes
Electrical and Electronic Measurements questions from 13 GATE papers (2018–2026) with the official answers, each solved step by step, plus notes for each topic, a formula sheet and practice questions.
- previous-year questions
- 43previous-year questions
- solved step by step
- 43solved step by step
- GATE papers, 2018–2026
- 13GATE papers, 2018–2026
- topics with notes
- 6topics with notes
TOPICS
Six topics, in the order they are taught
Taken from the official GATE 2027 syllabus. Each topic has notes, the formulas you need, its previous-year questions with the official answers and step-by-step solutions, and practice questions.
Units, standards, errors and uncertainty
This topic is the working language of every measurement question: how an instrument's steady-state performance is described, how errors are classified, how the guaranteed (limiting) error of each reading carries into a computed result, and how the scatter of repeated readings is reduced to a mean, a standard deviation and a stated uncertainty.
11 previous-year questions · 16 marks · 7 practice questions
Bridges, potentiometers and the Q-meter
Bridges and potentiometers are null methods.
14 previous-year questions · 23 marks · 7 practice questions
Measuring voltage, current, power, energy and power factor
A meter does not simply show "the voltage".
8 previous-year questions · 12 marks · 6 practice questions
Instrument transformers
Instrument transformers, the current transformer (CT) and the potential or voltage transformer (PT), scale line currents and voltages down to standard instrument levels (commonly 5 A or 1 A, and 110 V) and isolate the instruments from the high-voltage circuit.
3 previous-year questions · 5 marks · 6 practice questions
Digital voltmeters, multimeters and energy meters
A digital voltmeter converts an analog voltage into a count of clock pulses or code steps and shows it on a decimal display.
2 previous-year questions · 3 marks · 6 practice questions
Time, phase and frequency measurement, oscilloscopes and spectrum analysers
Time, frequency and phase are measured by counting.
5 previous-year questions · 8 marks · 5 practice questions
QUESTIONS BY TOPIC AND YEAR
43 questions, by topic and year
How many questions each topic had in the EE and IN papers of each year. This shows what was asked, not what will be asked. We placed each question under a topic ourselves; the exam paper does not label topics. Every question links back to its paper.
| Topic | 2018 | 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Errors & standards | 1 | 2 | 2 | · | 2 | 2 | 2 | 11 |
| Bridges | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 14 |
| V, I, power & energy | 3 | · | · | 2 | 1 | 2 | · | 8 |
| Instrument transformers | · | 1 | · | · | 2 | · | · | 3 |
| Digital instruments | · | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | · | 2 |
| Time, frequency & scopes | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 2 | 5 |
GATE EE question papers with solutions: 2026, 2025, 2024, 2022, 2020, 2018
GATE IN question papers with solutions: 2026, 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2020, 2018
The 2019 and 2021 papers are not included yet: the copies we host are image scans without the official key.
Electrical Measurements formulas by topic
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THE OFFICIAL SYLLABUS
What each paper lists under Electrical and Electronic Measurements
From the GATE 2027 syllabus PDFs: EE Section 8, “Electrical and Electronic Measurements”, and IN Section 8, “Measurements”. EC's syllabus has no measurements section. Four wattmeter questions on three-phase circuits (IN 2020, 2022 and 2025; EE 2023) are in Networks, under three-phase circuits, and are not repeated here. EE 2018 Q.5, on the two-wattmeter method, is here.
GATE EE
Bridges and Potentiometers, Measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; Instrument transformers, Digital voltmeters and multi-meters, Phase, Time and Frequency measurement; Oscilloscopes, Error analysis.
GATE IN
SI units, standards of basic electrical quantities (R, L, C, voltage, current and frequency), systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty, accuracy and precision, propagation of errors, linear and weighted regression; bridges: Wheatstone, Kelvin, Maxwell, Anderson, Schering and Wien bridges for measurement of R, L, C and frequency, typical applications of bridges, Q-meter; megohm measurement; measurement of voltage, current and power in DC, single and three phase AC circuits; contact and noncontact type AC and DC current and voltage probes; true rms meters, voltage and current scaling, instrument transformers, timer/counter, time, phase and frequency measurements, digital voltmeter, digital multimeter, digital energy meter, digital storage oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer.
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