Transgenic plants formulas
Protoplast fusion and transgenic plants. 3 formulas for GATE BT Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology, each with when to use it. Each is explained in the topic notes.
IAE Academy: Protoplast fusion and transgenic plants formulas (GATE BT)
All 3 Transgenic plants formulas
CHROMOSOME NUMBER OF A SYMMETRIC SOMATIC HYBRID
Applies when one protoplast of each parent fuses, the nuclei fuse and no chromosomes are lost. The hybrid of two diploid parents is an amphidiploid (allotetraploid). Chromosome loss or elimination makes the number lower, and a hybrid made with irradiated donor protoplasts keeps fewer chromosomes.
FRACTION OF SELFED PROGENY CARRYING AT LEAST ONE TRANSGENE LOCUS
For a primary transformant that is hemizygous at n independent, unlinked single-copy loci, with each locus carrying a dominant, fully expressed marker and no loss in transmission or viability, selfed. At one locus the selfed progeny are 1/4 homozygous, 1/2 hemizygous and 1/4 without the transgene, so 3 with the transgene to 1 without and P = 3/4. Two loci give 15:1. Does not apply to linked loci or to plastid genes, which are maternally inherited.
FRACTION OF PROGENY CARRYING AT LEAST ONE TRANSGENE LOCUS WHEN CROSSED TO A NON-TRANSGENIC PLANT
For the same hemizygous transformant (n independent, unlinked single-copy loci) crossed with a non-transgenic plant. Each locus is passed to half the progeny, so one locus gives 1:1.
Where this was asked: 2019 (1), 2020 (1), 2023 (1), 2025 (1). See the 4 previous-year questions on Transgenic plants. This shows what was asked, not what will be asked.